Year 3 Number 72 July 6th 2002
______________________________________________________________
Thousands of candles can be lighted from a single candle, and the life of the candle will not be shortened. Happiness never decreases by being SHARED
_______________________________________________________________
Dear SHARERS,
Lousy weather, isn´t it? Dark and
rainy and very…cold.
Marina and I always fantasize that
when we retire we are going to move to a tropical country where it will be
summer all year round and where we can use our swimming pool twelve months a
year. You see we do not ask for much, just an ordinary swimming pool (no ocean
or sea or river or lake: just a tiny swimming pool!)
Anyway, that is only part of our
fantasy. Reality is : it is winter and super cold.
I guess this is going to be one my
pyjama weekends. This very convenient garment will only be removed for one hour
to go to mass tomorrow and than back into it until Monday morning. Isn´t life
just great?
Love
Omar and Marina
In SHARE 72
1.- Between
“Hello” and “See you later”.
2.- Tercer
Encuentro de Lenguas en Salta.
3.- The
Performers at Universidad de Morón.
4.- Will fix
your accent in two sessions (?)
5.- More about
Accents.
6.- The Lord of
the Rings.
7.- Primera
Jornada de Traducción e Interpretación.
8.- Jubilee.
9.- Bags of
Ideas for the EFL Teacher.
10- Congreso
Internacional sobre la Argumentación.
11- Hey, You!
12- Stop Press: Q-Squad on 9th
of July.
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1.-
BETWEEN “HELLO” AND “SEE YOU LATER”
It is a real pleasure for us to
start this issue of SHARE with a summary of the M.A. dissertation that our dear
SHARER Jill Roberts wrote in 1996. Jill is a generous and conscientious
colleague and would be very pleased to receive your comments or further enquires
at jill@jillrobbins.com .
Development of Strategies for Interpersonal Communication in English by Japanese EFL students.
By Jill Ann Robbins,
M.A.Mentor: Anna Uhl Chamot, Ph.D
Georgetown
University, Washington, D.C. April 3, 1996
This study investigated the relationship between the use of language learning strategies (LLS) and the development of pragmatic competence in English over an eight-month period by Japanese university student nonnative speakers of English (NNS). The NNS were matched to native English-speaking learners of Japanese (NSE) as language exchange partners for the duration of the study. Initial conversations in English between the NNS and NSE were videotaped at the beginning and end of the study. LLS were reported and observed in retrospective verbal reports based on playback of the videotaped initial conversations. Pragmatic performance measures used discourse analysis of question types and self-disclosure, and subjects' reported success as measured by continuation of their language exchange relationship. Pragmatic evaluation measures used native speaker evaluations, oral proficiency ratings, and self-evaluations. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the NNS level of self-disclosure in the initial conversation and continuation of the relationship. NNS made more self-disclosures than NSE and asked fewer questions for information.
Results on use of LLS showed that Japanese NNS
were, contrary to expectations, able to report extensively that they use LLS
actively to plan, monitor, evaluate, and solve problems in their conversations.
Negative statistical correlations were found between LLS use and oral
proficiency as measured by an oral proficiency rating and by a native speaker
evaluation, that is, NNS used some LLS less frequently as they progressed in
their ability to speak English. However, other LLS were identified as being used
by learners more as they developed their proficiency. A distinction made between
Reported LLS and Observed LLS was useful in interpreting the results of the
study and in measuring the value of the introspective research method.
Perhaps the most interesting finding was that
the subjects did not fit into the stereotype of Japanese learning and
communication styles: they were active learners with the ability to use
alternative means of expressing their message and were willing toreveal their
personal attitudes and emotions.
Introduction:
For Japanese students who study abroad, communication problems can lead to a wide range of consequences, from the difficulty that exchange students have expressing their problems to their host families, to the tragic case of the Japanese student (Kamo 1993) who was shot when he arrived at the wrong address for a party. For Japanese adults, the differences between English and Japanese conversational expectations and communication styles may lead to serious misunderstandings and conflict. In trade negotiations, promises are assumed where they were not intended, and bitter feelings arise with each breakdown of negotiations. In business dealings, mistrust may originate with simple misunderstandings. When, for instance, the differences between Japanese and American strategies for topic management conflict, the result can be the reinforcement of cultural stereotypes: " Americans are blunt and insensitive'; Japanese are illogical and evasive'" (Yamada 1992:92). A fuller understanding of each others' style of communication is needed to promote harmony between Japanese and Americans.
Previous research has shown that
Japanese students who go to the US to work or study generally feel they have
inadequate training in conversational English (Hartung 1983, Robbins 1991).
Teachers of English in Japan also find that conversational exchanges appearing
in Japanese English textbooks often have no sociolinguistic validity (Okushi
1990), and pragmatic competence is seldom addressed in English classes
(Takahashi & Beebe 1987). To make matters worse, important aspects of
pragmatics, such as politeness, are totally ignored in the textbooks used for
English in Japan (LoCastro 1994). Instead, so-called 'conversation' classes
focus on pronunciation, listening accuracy, and memorization of stock phrases.
Besides acquiring the simple ability to decode and encode oral language, the
Japanese student must have a better understanding of the pragmatics of the
English-speaking environment. Since so many problems arise from the mismatch
that occurs between Japanese and American styles of discourse, an improved
awareness of these linguistic styles could help to promote international
understanding (Kitao 1989). In order to become the international citizens their
country needs, Japanese students have to find ways of improving their
communication skills in English. This study did not address the issues of
conversational style or politeness, rather it focused on one crucial aspect of
pragmatic competence, the management of initial conversations.
The set of research questions that
directed this study grew out of my experiences as a teacher in Japan and as a
graduate student in the U.S. As a teacher, I was frustrated with the difficulty
of teaching students who feared face-to-face contact with a native speaker of
English, and became aware of the need for strategies that would help Japanese
students to overcome their hesitancy. As a graduate student, I was fascinated
with the research on language learning strategies because of the promise it held
for better coordinating the roles of the language learner and the language
teacher. I was also intrigued by the field of pragmatics and the window it
provided into the social nature of language. Knowing that I would return to
Japan to teach when finished with graduate study, I realized I could combine
these elements of frustration and fascination into work that might benefit the
average learner of English in Japan. I had worked with high school students
while I was in Japan previously, but felt that study of college students might
provide more information on learners who had some opportunity to engage in
face-to-face interaction in English, and who had more time to concentrate on
studying spoken English than did high school students (who needed to concentrate
on taking college entrance exams). Therefore, the following research questions
were posed:
The intent of
this study was to provide a possible model for learners who want to utilize
effective strategies for speaking English and to contribute information that may
guide teachers in their instruction of oral communication skills.
Table 1. Comprehension and Production Strategies and Definitions used for Coding Verbal
Metacognitive
Strategies | |
Strategy Name: |
Definition: |
Planning |
Developing an awareness of what needs to be done
to accomplish a task, developing an appropriate action plan and/or
contingency plans to overcome difficulties that may interfere with
successful completion of the task. |
Monitoring Flow of Conversation |
Maintaining awareness of the progress of
interaction in terms of pace, turn-taking, and/or exchange of
information. |
Comprehension monitoring |
Checking, verifying, or correcting one's
understanding at the local level. |
Self-Evaluation |
Checking the outcomes of one's linguistic
performance against an internal measure of completeness and
accuracy. |
Monitoring Production |
Maintaining awareness of one's production as it is
received by the hearer, in terms of hearer's
comprehension |
Predicting |
Making a guess about the upcoming content of the
interaction |
Cognitive
Strategies | |
Strategy Name: |
Definition: |
Inferencing |
Using available information to: guess the meanings
or usage of unfamiliar language items, predict outcomes, or complete
missing information. |
Linguistic Inferencing |
Using known words in an utterance to guess the
meaning of unknown words |
Extra linguistic Inferencing |
Using background sounds and relationships between
speakers to guess the meaning of unknown words |
Between Parts Inferencing |
Using information beyond the local sentential
level to guess at meaning |
Elaboration |
Using prior knowledge from outside the
conversational context and relating it to knowledge gained from the
conversation in order to predict outcomes or fill in missing
information |
Between Parts Elaboration |
Using information beyond the local sentential
level to relate new knowledge to prior knowledge. |
Personal Elaboration |
Referring to one's personal prior experience in
relation to new knowledge. |
World Elaboration |
Using knowledge gained from experience in the
world to assimilate new knowledge. |
Imagery |
Using mental or actual pictures or visual to
represent information (viewed as a form of elaboration) |
Substitution |
Selecting alternative approaches (verbal or
kinesthetic), revised plans, or different words or phrases to accomplish a
language task. (separated in the analysis into substitution by
paraphrasing and by gesture) |
Social-affective
strategies | |
Strategy Name: |
Definition: |
Self-Talk |
Using mental redirection of thinking to assure
oneself that a learning activity will be successful or to reduce anxiety
about a task. |
Taking Emotional Temperature |
Becoming aware of, and getting in touch with one's
emotions while engaged in interaction, in order to avert negative emotions
and make the most of positive emotions. |
Repairs |
Soliciting further input or clarification when
comprehension has broken down in interaction with an
interlocutor. |
Direct appeals |
Overt requests for clarification when
comprehension has broken down in interaction with an
interlocutor. |
Global Reprise |
Listener asks for outright repetition, rephrasing,
or simplification of an utterance |
Specific Reprise |
Listener asks a question referring to a specific
word, term, or fragment that was not understood in the previous
utterance. |
Hypothesis testing |
Listener asks specific questions about facts in
the preceding utterance to verify that s/he has understood and/or to
clarify what s/he is expected to do |
Indirect appeals |
Non-verbal requests for clarification or signals
for continued narration. |
Kinesics |
Indicating a need for clarification by means of
kinesics and/or paralinguistics. |
Uptaking |
Listener uses kinesics and paralinguistics to
indicate to the interlocutor to go on, that s/he
understands. |
Faking |
Listener sends uptaking signals or noncommittal
responses in order to avoid seeking clarification and to avoid
acknowledging to the interlocutor that s/he has not
understood. |
Simplification |
Simplifying the message from the form that was
intended to one that the speaker is linguistically able to
perform. |
Source: O'Malley & Chamot
(1990), Oxford (1990), Ellis (1986) and Rost & Ross (1991) as modified by
Vandergrift (1992)
Definition of terms:
NNS = Nonnative Speaker; i.e., the Japanese learner of
English
NSE = Native Speaker of English
LLS = Language Learning Strategy
Indented text: Direct quote from a research subject, Most Japanese subjects
spoke in Japanese; the English translation follows the Japanese.
The highest-frequency Cognitive LLS was
Substitution by Paraphrasing, which was used at least once by all but one NNS.
Substitution is a simple but effective strategy for the times when one forgets
or does not know the exact word for a concept. Frequent use of this strategy is
a sign that the learner has the means to overcome the frustration of not knowing
the precise word. It also shows that the speaker places a higher value on
continuing the conversation than on being precise. This may seem to be an
obvious desire, but again, it is not safe to assume that such willingness to
abandon precision is typical of Japanese students. Japanese often seem to value
being correct more than being able to continue the interaction by using an
imperfect structure. Frequent comments about grammatical correctness made in the
NNS' verbal reports reveal their preoccupation with form. NNS 9 (quoted above
and in Appendix C) reported in the second round that she had come to focus more
on the message because of her experience with her American conversation partner.
NNS 1 demonstrated the use of Substitution in describing the air of Bangkok:
NNS 1-2 said in a conversation:
Uh-huh, so. There was great, but Bangkok, it was big city (gestures with hands moving outwards) like Osaka or Tokyo I felt (breathes in sharply) uh, the dust, air dust (gestures with hands) A researcher asked in a follow-up interview: Kore wa ima nani o yuoo to omotta no? What did you want to say here?
NNS 1-2: Ano, koogai de kuuki ga osen sareteru tte iitakattan desu kedo, pollution deshitaka ne, tte yuu tango ga dete konakute, tonikaku kuuki ga yogoreteru tte koto ga iitaku te "air dust" toka itte . . . I wanted to say the air was polluted, but I didn't think of the word "pollution," so I just wanted to say the air was dirty, so I said "air dust."
NNS 1 also demonstrates the use of gestures to augment her verbal message. Her gestures indicated that Bangkok was a big city and that there was much dirt in the air. Substitution is a strategy that learners can easily be taught to use (lessons in paraphrasing are included in Kehe and Kehe 1994) and one which has the potential for both reducing some of the frustration that learners face and giving them a feeling of accomplishment that they have expressed their message in an alternative form
Linguistic Inferencing, which was the second
most frequently reported Cognitive LLS, is evidence of the active nature of the
learners' comprehension of English; when faced with uncertainty they used
whatever portion of an utterance they could grasp to build towards meaning.
Inferencing is the brain's alchemy: the speaker's meaning is reconstructed from
a mere fragment of the original message. A learner must take the risk that her
inference might be mistaken, but the frequency of Inferencing suggests that for
many learners the benefit must outweigh the risk. This strategy, like
Substitution, has the potential for reducing learners' feelings of inadequacy
because it allows them to fill in the gaps' of their comprehension. Yet, one
subject who was aware of using this strategy evaluated it negatively:
NNS 5-2: Boku no warui kuse kamoshirenai n desu kedo, nanka . . . eega toka mite temo nanka ichibu dake kikitoretarisuru tango aru ja naidesu ka I think it's my bad habit, well, for example when I watch a movie, I can catch some part of the sentence, and I answer based only on that part I understand . . ."Poon" tte shitteru kotoba o I just catch some words I know.
This negative evaluation shows the need to educate learners about both the value and the widespread use of Inferencing, even as an aid in understanding one's native language. NNS 5 revealed above that this is a strategy that he might use even in Japanese, for example, when watching movies, his comprehension is based on a few words he can understand.
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2.-
TERCER
ENCUENTRO DE LENGUAS EN SALTA
Our dear
SHARER Laura Renart sends us an announcement of this forthcoming academic event
in the city of Salta:
Universidad
Nacional de Salta - Facultad de Humanidades
Departamento
de Lenguas Modernas - Centro de Lenguas y Culturas Indígenas
III
Encuentro de Lenguas Aborígenes y Extranjeras
Salta, 5
y 6 de septiembre de 2002
Fundamentos:
La
realización de los dos encuentros anteriores (1999 y 2001) permitió el
acercamiento de docentes y maestros de lenguas (aborígenes, extranjeras y
materna), maestros bilingües y miembros de las diferentes comunidades aborígenes
de nuestra provincia quienes pudieron expresarse y dar a conocer su situación.
Hoy, estamos convencidos de la necesidad de continuar con este tipo de
encuentros académico-científicos que permitirá profundizar el análisis de la
problemática lingüística en sus aspectos educativos, culturales y
sociales.
Objetivos
-Que la
Universidad se constituya en un espacio abierto a mayores opciones culturales y
lingüísticas.
-Debatir
los alcances y limitaciones de la enseñanza de las lenguas aborígenes y
extranjeras en nuestro país.
-Analizar
los problemas que se presentan en la preservación de las lenguas aborígenes y
extranjeras minorizadas
-Favorecer
el intercambio de experiencias e investigaciones en el campo de la enseñanza de
las lenguas.
-Impulsar
el debate y la reflexión permanente entre los docentes de
lenguas.
-Promover
acciones destinadas a reconocer y valorar
las diferencias culturales, sociales y lingüísticas representadas por los
grupos aborígenes existentes en el país.
-Contribuir
a la formulación de una política lingüística
Ejes
Temáticos
-Política
lingüística nacional y regional.
-Educación
bilingüe.
-Contacto
intercultural bilingüe.
-Problemática
de la formación docente en relación con la educación
bilingüe.
-Experiencias
de docentes y maestros
bilingües.
-Lenguas
en contacto.
-Enseñanza
y aprendizaje de las lenguas.
-Los
procesos de lectura y escritura en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las lenguas
extranjeras y aborígenes.
-Didáctica
de la lengua desde la perspectiva de las lenguas aborígenes y
extranjeras.
-La
enseñanza del español como segunda lengua.
Destinatarios: Docentes de todos los niveles
educativos, de escuelas bilingües con población aborigen, lingüistas e
investigadores en ciencias sociales, antropólogos, sociólogos, ONG, autoridades
educativas...
Fecha de
realización: 5 y 6 de septiembre de
2002.
Comisión
Organizadora: Alicia Tissera, Juana Rodas, Marta Lo Celso, Héctor Rodriguez,
Fulvia Gabriela Lisi, Ana María Fernández Lávaque, Julia Zigarán, Flor de María
Rionda, Laura Marziano, Claudia Subelza, Rossana Ledesma, Juan García Jiménez. Sede
Regional Tartagal: Marta Torino, Marta Morelli de Ontiveros, Martha Barboza de
Tesei, Graciela Zamar y Teresita Mercado.
Metodología
de Trabajo: Las actividades de este
Encuentro se desarrollarán en comisiones de trabajo, con presentación de
ponencias, informes, experiencias en formación y perfeccionamiento docente,
avances y conclusiones de investigaciones.
El tiempo
para cada ponencia será de 15 minutos, seguidos de 5 minutos de
preguntas.
Presentación
de Resúmenes: 300 palabras
(máximo), nombre autor/es, la Institución y mail. Enviar antes del 31/07/2002
a: lenguas@unsa.edu.ar
.
En otro
archivo adjunto deberá enviarse la ficha de inscripción. El trabajo final deberá
presentarse en el momento de la acreditación en hoja A4 - Arial, 12 (no deberá
superar las 8 páginas, bibliografía incluida). No serán leídos los trabajos
cuyo/s autor/es no esté/n presente/s en el momento del
Encuentro.
Cronograma
Jueves
05/09:
08.30 Acreditaciones
10.00 Acto de Inauguración
10.30 Presentación de Libro
11.00
Plenario
12.00 Brindis
13.00 Receso
14.30 Trabajo en Comisiones (Debate)
19.30 Plenario
Viernes
06/09
08.30 Trabajo en Comisiones (Debate)
12.00 Plenario
13.00 Receso
14.30 Trabajo en Comisiones (Debate)
19.00 Conclusiones
Aranceles:
El arancel debe ser abonado por cada Expositor/a (uno o varios
autores)
Expositores: $
40.00
Estudiantes expositores: $
10.00
Asistentes:
$ 20.00
Estudiantes asistentes: $ 5.00
Miembros
de las Comunidades aborígenes y maestros bilingües están exceptuados del pago
del arancel.
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3.- THE PERFORMERS AT
UNIVERSIDAD DE MORÓN
Our dear SHARER Pablo Labandeira pjlabandeira@hotmail.com writes to
us:
Hi there!
This is Pablo, your representative for the
western area, back on the air after quite some time to bring you the latest
news.
The Performers will be putting on shows of
their three plays at Universidad de Morón on Friday August 30th. The schedule is
the following:
14:00 BOOKYLAND
16:00 STONEHENGE
18:30 MACBETH
In order to book or to get further information,
please contact me at (0220) 483 - 1282 or at pabloperformers@yahoo.com.ar
Hope to hear from you
soon.
Happy hols for everyone,
Pablo
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4.-
WILL FIX YOUR ACCENT IN TWO SESSIONS (?)
This most interesting and revealing
mail landed in our box. We could not wait to SHARE with all of you. Has anybody
got the address of that actors´trainer?
----- Original Message -----
From: "dk" <davkees@PUBLIC.GUANGZHOU.GD.CN
Sent: Friday, June 28, 2002 1:22
PM
Subject: Re: Intonation and Thought
Groups
Maria Spelleri asks about intonation.
While not specifically answering
that question I'd like to offer a webpage of a discussion amongst actors who are also
developing or reducing accents.
Most interesting is the article about the professional trainer. It seems that
most people have problems with 10-12
sounds and he can fix each one in two sessions.
http://www.antimoon.com/forum/posts/80.htm
It's quite amazing how actors can put on
or take off an accent whenever they
need it for a film. They're very good. But I guess they should be since when we buy our
cinema ticket we're actually paying
them millions to entertain us in this way.
Dave Kees
ChinaCom
Guangzhou, China
davkees@public.guangzhou.gd.cn
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5.- MORE ABOUT
ACCENTS
We received this announcement and
international call for researchers in the field of Phonology. We thought the
website mentioned would also be of interest to a much wider audience of “lovers
of the language” and the way it is spoken.
Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2002 18:09:40
+1200
From: "Donn Bayard, Anthropology Department"
<donn.bayard@stonebow.otago.ac.nz>
Subject: Evaluating
English Accents WorldWide: New data and analyses
The Evaluating English
Accents WorldWide (EEAWW) Project is made up of an international group of
scholars interested in analysing the evaluations and opinions of different
national and ethnic groups to four of the "standard" accents of English:
Near-RP (educated Southern English English); General North American; and
middle-of-the-road Australian and New Zealand accents. We use 22
personality, voice, and status traits in the questionnaire for this
project. The data acquired by the EEAWW Project is being used in a number
of different research projects and studies by participants.
Linguists
interested in language attitudes and learning, along with researchers in the
social psychology of language and accent loyalty, media influence, the impact of
paralinguistic features, and related topics in the Gilesian tradition should
find our website interesting.
Our website is located at the University
of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, (http://www.otago.ac.nz/anthropology/Linguistic/Accents.html) it has recently been revamped and
enlarged to make navigation easier. The site has full details on aims,
methods, etc. and a sample questionnaire. Summary results of our
evaluations in New Zealand, Australia, the USA, England, Finland, Sweden,
Germany, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Fiji are already available on the site, along
with sound clips of the accents used and the text read by each of the eight male
and female voices. New additions since our last update in May of this year
include:
* data on 133 native-born Japanese
students at International Christian University, Tokyo.
* a new page on
research under way at present.
* A summary of our research on the
impact of intonation patterns on listener evaluation.
* An exploratory
study contrasting significant dimensions used to group personality traits by
Chinese and Japanese students on the one hand and Western students on the
other.
* Data on the perceived ease of comprehension by Japanese and
Hong Kong students of the eight voices used in the study.
The EEAWW
Project is still actively seeking new researchers in Africa, Latin America, and
South Asia. All researchers share access to the data obtained and may use
it for any ethical research purpose.
Please contact me at the e-mail address
below if you are interested.
Donn Bayard, EEAWW
Coordinator
donn.bayard@otago.ac.nz
Associate
Professor
Anthropology Department - University of
Otago
Dunedin, New Zealand
Phone +64
-3-479-8738
Fax +64 -3-479-9095
e-mail: donn.bayard@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
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6.- THE LORD OF THE
RINGS
Our very dear friend and SHARER
Claudia Bourda sends us this
invitation to a workshop she is currently conducting:
J.R.R. Tolkien: his life and
production
The Lord of the
Rings
Literary
analysis
Workshop (Two three-hour sessions)
conducted by Claudia V. Bourda
Teacher of English - INSP J.V.
González, Literary, Technical and Scientific Translator - IES en Lenguas Vivas
J.R. Fernández, Public Translator - UADE
Former Lecturer in Language I and
II - UBA: School of Translation.
Assistant Teacher: Methods III -
INSP Técnico: UTN and Legal Translation III & IV – UADE.
Dates:
July: Saturday, July 20 & 27 -
10:00 - 13:00
Or Saturday, July 20 & 27 -
14:00 - 17:00
August:
Saturday, August 3 & 10 - 10:00
- 13:00
Or Saturday, August 3 & 10 -
14:00 - 17:00
For further information or messages
contact: (011) 4 793 - 7596
Email: cvb@fibertel.com.ar OR lsgroup@fibertel.com.ar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.-
PRIMERA JORNADA DE TRADUCCIÓN E INTERPRETACIÓN
Our dear SHARER María Cristina Pinto, President
of Asociación
Argentina de Traductores e Intérpretes sends us this invitation:
.
La
Asociación Argentina de Traductores e Intérpretes invita a ustedes a
la
I JORNADA
DE TRADUCCIÓN E INTERPRETACIÓN
"Una
profesión milenaria en el nuevo milenio"
el sábado
20 de julio de 9.30 a 18.00
*10.15/13.00 Memorias de Traducción: presentación de
TRADOS
*14.30/15.15 Traducción Literaria: Dra. Márgara
Averbach
*15.15/16.00 Interpretación: Trad. Marina
Mazzocchi
*16.30/17.15 Traducción en Internet: Trads. A.
Rogante y G. Scandura
*
17.15/18.00 Traducción Técnico-Científica: Trad. Alejandra
Jorge
Preinscripción
hasta el lunes 15/7: Enviar formulario de inscripción completo a jornadaaniversario@aati.org.ar
*Alumnos
(con acreditación) y Socios de la AATI (con 2ª. cuota paga): $ 20
*Otros: $40
Consultas:
jornadaaniversario@aati.org.ar
¡Los
esperamos!
Cordialmente,
Trad.
María Cristina Pinto - AATI. Presidenta.
www.aati.org.ar - info@aati.org.ar
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.-
JUBILEE
This year Britain is
celebrating a jubilee, the fiftieth anniversary of the accession of Her Majesty
Queen Elizabeth II. If we were to follow the original sense of the word, we
ought to be announcing it with a blast on a ram's horn and be taking the
whole
year off, not just four
days.
"Jubilee" looks as
though it comes from the Latin word that also gave us "jubilation" and its
relatives. In truth they're not connected, but we have the Romans to blame for
getting them mixed up. "Jubilee" is actually from the ancient Hebrew "yobel" for
a ram and, by extension, a ram's horn (the word used today for the ram's horn,
"shofar", is unconnected). Every fifty years a special year of emancipation and
restoration was set aside, in which fields were left uncultivated and slaves
were freed (for the details, see the Old Testament book of Leviticus, chapter
25). As the ram's horn announced it, the word was transferred to the year
itself.
It travelled via Greek
to Latin, where it became confused with "jubilare", to shout or cry out (used by
early Christians in the sense of shouting for joy). By the time the word had
arrived in English, the two senses of celebration and of something happening
every fifty years had become so mixed up that it was used for a fiftieth
anniversary or its celebration. So it is strictly correct to refer to the
current event as a jubilee, with no qualification.
Until the end of the
nineteenth century the word could only be used in this way: for a fiftieth
anniversary. Queen Victoria changed all that. She reigned for so long that her
subjects had to find a way of distinguishing between the dates of her 50 years
and 60 years on the throne, in 1887 and 1897. The term "Diamond Jubilee" was
invented specifically for the 1897 celebration.
The "diamond" modifier
was borrowed from its existing use to describe a sixtieth wedding anniversary.
This - plus "silver", "golden" and some others - had appeared in the language at
about the middle of the nineteenth century, introduced via
American
English from
German.
Even after the 1897 celebration became known as the "Diamond Jubilee", the 1887 one was still called "The Jubilee" or "The Royal Jubilee"; only later did it become known as the "Golden Jubilee", so people could unambiguously distinguish it from the later one. And then "jubilee" started to be used with other qualifiers, such as "silver" for a 25th anniversary, so losing its link to the fiftieth year altogether and changing its sense to little more than "special anniversary". "Golden jubilee", the official name for the current royal celebrations, is therefore a retronym, derived from a term whose scope has changed so much that its original meaning has to be qualified (other examples are"manualtypewriter" and "acoustic guitar":
see http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-ret1.htm>)
.
Since her mother lived to be almost
102, there seems every chance that we shall be celebrating Her Majesty's Diamond
Jubilee in 2012. Thanks to Queen Victoria, we already have a name for it.
Published by World Wide
Words, copyright (c) Michael Quinion 2002. All rights reserved. The Words Web
site is at <http://www.worldwidewords.org
>.
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9.- BAGS OF IDEAS FOR THE
EFL TEACHER.
Our very dear SHARER M. Alejandra
Jaime Laplacette, Director of
English & Fun
invites all SHARERS to participate
in a special forthcoming event:
Anglia Examinations Syndicate ,
English & Fun and Kensington
School of English
have the great pleasure to announce
the ELT Seminar :
Bags of Ideas for the EFL Teacher
!!!
Guest of Honour : Peter Brown - Chief Examiner, Anglia Examination Syndicate
BAG 1 : Helping your students develop their
writing skills
Peter Brown
BAG 2 : Anglia exams + Anglia Diploma in
TESOL
Peter Brown
BAG 3 : Received Pronunciation or
Estuary English ?
Further Changes in the
Pronunciation of the Latest British Model
Christian Kunz
BAG 4 : A Teacher for all seasons
NLP- Simple techniques to manage your classes
with ease.
Laura Szmuch and Jamie
Duncan
BAG 5 : Storytelling
Celina Gismondi
Saturday, 13th July 2002 - 2.00 to 07.00 pm
Colegio
Guido Spano - Sánchez de Bustamante 1366, Palermo. Buenos
Aires.
Registration
Kensington School of English :
4243 - 3589 / kensangliarep@infovia.com.ar
English & Fun: (011) 4957 -
5285 / info@welcometoenglishandfun.com
The event is free of
charge.
Handouts : $ 3 (three pesos)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.-
CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE LA ARGUMENTACIÓN
Our dear SHARERS
from The Group write to us to announce the three plays they are staging to
celebrate their 10th Anniversary:
INSTITUTO
DE LINGÜÍSTICA
Facultad
de Filosofía y Letras
Universidad
de Buenos Aires
Directora:
Elvira Narvaja de Arnoux
Congreso
Internacional : LA ARGUMENTACIÓN
Lingüística
/ Retórica/ Lógica / Pedagogía
Presidente
de honor: Oswald Ducrot
El
Instituto de Lingüística de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad
de Buenos Aires, en colaboración con la Maestría en Análisis del Discurso de la
Universidad de Buenos Aires, la Cátedra UNESCO de Lectura y Escritura, las
cátedras de la Orientación en Lingüística de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras,
se complace en convocar al Congreso LA ARGUMENTACIÓN. Lingüística / Retórica /
Lógica / Pedagogía, que se llevará a cabo del 10 al 12 de julio de 2002 en la
Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de la UBA, Av. Figueroa Alcorta 2263 -
Buenos Aires
El
Congreso se realizará en homenaje al profesor Oswald Ducrot, referente
ineludible en los estudios sobre argumentación y polifonía lingüística, quien
este año se ha retirado de la docencia que ejercía en l'École des Hautes Études
en Sciences Sociales, París.
Con la
participación de renombrados panelistas nacionales e internacionales, el
Congreso se propone dar cuenta del estado actual de los estudios sobre la
argumentación en sus múltiples manifestaciones. Además, y dada la dimensión pedagógica
del tema, se realizará un Simposio sobre enseñanza de la argumentación. El Congreso busca así no sólo
transformarse en un foro científico de debate de gran repercusión y poder de
irradiación sino también constituirse en el ámbito propicio para que los
docentes de todos los
niveles
que deseen hacerlo puedan ponerse en contacto con los últimos
avances
de las investigaciones en el área a través de conferencias plenarias de alto
nivel académico.
Panelistas
confirmados
Marion
Carel (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales)
Daniel
Cassany (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)
María
Luisa Donaire (Universidad de Oviedo)
Sophie
Fisher (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales)
Eduardo
Guimarâes (Unicamp)
María
Cristina Martínez (Universidad del Valle)
Estrella
Montolío (Universidad de Barcelona)
Giovanni
Parodi (Universidad Católica de Valparaíso)
Marianne
Péronard (Universidad Católica de Valparaíso)
Christian
Plantin (Université de Lyon II)
José
Portolés (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)
Marta
Tordesillas (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)
María
Antonia Martín Zorraquino (Universidad de Zaragoza)
Comité de
Organización
Coordinadora: María Marta García Negroni
Comité
Académico
Magdalena
Viramonte de Ávalos (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba)
Ofelia
Dúo de Brottier (Universidad Nacional del Cuyo)
Víctor
Castel (Univ. Nacional de Cuyo)
Isolda E. Carranza (Universidad Nacional de
Córdoba)
Liliana
Cubo de Severino (Univ. Nacional de Cuyo)
Ángela
Di Tullio (Univ. Nacional del Comahue)
Luisa
Granato (Universidad Nacional de La Plata)
Adolfo
Elizaincín (Universidad de la República)
Ma.
Victoria Gómez de Erice (Universidad Nacional de Cuyo)
María
Luisa Freyre (Universidad Nacional de La Plata)
Elsa
Ghío (Universidad Nacional del Litoral)
Susana
Ortega de Hocevar (Universidad Nacional del Cuyo)
Patricia
Vallejos de Llobet (Universidad Nacional del Sur)
María
Isabel Gregorio de Mac (Universidad Nacional de
Rosario)
Héctor
Manni (Universidad Nacional del Litoral)
Pascual
Masullo (Universidad Nacional del Comahue)
Nora
Múgica (Universidad Nacional de Rosario)
Mabel
Pipkin (Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos)
Hével
Nora del Río (Universidad Nacional del Sur)
Elena
Rojas Mayer (Universidad Nacional de Tucumán)
Zulema
Solana (Universidad Nacional de Rosario)
- Teoría
de la Argumentación en la Lengua y Teoría de la Polifonía
- Léxico
y marcadores de argumentación
-
Historia de las teorías de la argumentación
-
Retórica y persuasión
- La
argumentación en las interacciones verbales
-
Enseñanza del discurso argumentativo
- El
discurso polémico
-
Modalidades discursivas de la argumentación
-
Dimensión argumentativa y géneros discursivos
Aranceles: Asistentes: $50.- Estudiantes de grado:
$15.-
Informes
e Inscripción
María
Marta García Negroni -
mmgn@fibertel.com.ar
Roberto
Bein-
rbein@filo.uba.ar
Alfredo
M. Lescano -
amlescano@aol.com
Instituto
de Lingüística - 25 de Mayo 221 - 1002 Buenos Aires - Argentina - Fax: (54.11)
4343-2733 / Teléfonos (5411) 4343-1196 / 4342-5922 /
4334-7512
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.- HEY, YOU!
Our dear SHARER Julia Roncoroni
sends us a poem she wrote (Omar is very proud because Julia is a student of
his)
"Hey
You"
Hey you,
out there in the cold
Getting
lonely, getting old
Can you
feel me?
Hey you,
standing in the aisles
With
itchy feet and fading smiles
Can you
feel me?
Hey you,
don´t help them to bury the light
Don't
give in without a fight.
Hey you,
out there on your own
Sitting
naked by the phone
Would you
touch me?
Hey you,
with you ear against the wall
Waiting
for someone to call out
Would you
touch me?
Hey you,
would you help me to carry the stone?
Open your
heart, I'm coming home.
But it
was only fantasy.
The wall
was too high,
As you
can see.
No matter
how he tried,
He could
not break free.
And the
worms ate into his brain.
Hey you,
standing on the road
always
doing what you're told,
Can you
help me?
Hey you,
out there beyond the wall,
Breaking
bottles in the hall,
Can you
help me?
Hey you,
don't tell me there's no hope at all
Together
we stand, divided we fall.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12.- STOP PRESS: Q-SQUAD ON
9th OF JULY
Our dear SHARER Santiago Salgado
from THE GROUP has a very special offer for all our SHARERS and their children:
THE
GROUP, último momento!!!!!
Martes 9
de Julio (feriado) estreno en su versión completa de
"Q SQUAD
- Mission: Stop Dr. Techno!"
GRATIS a
las 16 hs. en el Teatro Stella Maris
Martín y
Omar 399 (San Isidro) 4743-9300
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time to say
goodbye again. This time with a poem by our unforgettable Pablo Neruda that our
dear SHARER Ana Spinoza sent us with this message “Si
los sueños no pudiesen crear nuevos horizontes, la vida sería un engaño
insensato. Hoy es siempre todavía.”
We know each one of you will find the best
interpretation this beautiful poem by Neruda.
El gran mantel
Sentémonos pronto a
comer
Con todos los que no han comido
Pongamos los largos manteles
La
sal en los lagos del mundo
Panaderías planetarias,
Mesas con fresas en la
nieve,
Y un plato como la luna
En donde todos almorcemos.
Por ahora
no pido más
Que la justicia del almuerzo.
Pablo Neruda
HAVE A WONDERFUL WEEK
!
Omar and
Marina.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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